Incorporate Time Value of Carbon

i.e., Total lifecycle adjustment vs. Avoided Emissions Adjust Factor (time-value of carbon, % owned, etc.)

Other adjustments:

• Rebound effect (EV decreasing cost of driving increasing mileage)

• Value chain attribution (enabling effect from EVs using more efficient car batteries)

• Market saturation (the share of EVs a market increases from 10% to 90% over the forecast horizon making the impact of each additional EV smaller) 

• Capitalization attribution (fund owns different equity shares across portfolio and wants to see where most impact is generated per investment)